Life without Windows

Ubuntu, a user-friendly version of Linux, has been running so nicely on my home PC that I decided to do an experiment. I wrote down a list of tasks I normally do with Windows XP and decided to see how many of them I could do on Linux.

Here’s what my list looked like: 1) Write this column; 2) Browse the Web; 3) Get new software and install it; 4) Download files; 5) Play music and video files; 6) Burn CDs; and 7) Print my documents.

Of all these, the first was the easiest. Ubuntu comes with OpenOffice.org 2.0, an excellent personal productivity suite that works much like Microsoft Office, with its own word processor, spreadsheet, database and presentation programs. It reads and writes files in MS Word, RTF and a variety of other formats, so sharing your files with colleagues who use Windows or Mac PCs won’t be a problem. Unlike earlier versions, too, the program seems to load and run much faster.

OpenOffice.org 2.0 seems to run much faster now. I open up XMMS to listen to some music while I work.

Browsing was just as easy. Ubuntu lets you take your pick from several Web browsers, including Firefox. I experienced some glitches initially with YouTube – the videos were playing without sound – but that worked itself out after I rebooted the system.

For Windows users, downloading and installing new software on Linux can be rather daunting. Where’s the .EXE file? What do you do with the downloaded file (called a package, in Linux)? What file do you run? Fortunately, Ubuntu takes care of most of these problems for you. A program called Synaptic Package Manager takes care of finding new programs and installing them for you. These are sorted by program types, but the sheer number may be overwhelming. When I ran Synaptic Package Manager, it happily reported that there were more than 18,808 programs available, only 1,221 of which I had installed.

Downloading music and videos? Check. My favorite BitTorrent client, uTorrent, isn’t available on Linux but KTorrent, which works much the same way, already comes with Ubuntu. I put the program through its paces and found it held up quite nicely against my trusted file-sharing utility.

To play music and videos, Ubuntu comes with a number of multimedia players. For MP3 files, I like XMMS, which looks like WinAmp. Downloaded AVI files won’t play properly on the default Movie Player, but installing VLC Media Player (using Synaptic) will take care of that.

Burning CDs proved to be trickier.

Ubuntu is smart enough to detect a blank CD when it’s inserted and will ask if you’d like to burn a data or an audio CD. If you choose data, it will open a window into which you can drag files you’d like burned. Burning a data CD in this manner is simplicity itself, but it might be a bit too simple. The program, Nautilus, doesn’t even tell you how much disc space you’re using.

If you choose to burn an audio CD, Ubuntu will start a program called Serpentine, which enables you to add audio files to an audio CD compilation. The puzzling thing is, Serpentine will not accept MP3 files by default! All is not lost, however. You need to install the LAME encoder for the Gstreamer package (gstreamer0.8-lame), again using Synaptic. Once you’ve done that, Serpentine will burn your MP3 files into an audio CD without a hitch.

Serpentine burns an audio CD.

Burning a VCD from AVI files is even trickier. In very broad strokes, you’ll need to install K3b, a CD burning program, and a package called VCDimager, and tell K3b where it’s located. You’ll also need a command-line program called FFmpeg to convert AVI files to MPG, which is the format that K3b uses. Sounds complicated? It is, but it’s doable.

Finally, I wanted to print documents on my Epson Stylus C50 inkjet printer. Simple as it sounds, this last task almost stumped me. Even though Ubuntu detected my printer and said it was using the correct printer driver from a program called Gimp-print, my C50 kept spewing out garbled, unreadable text. Hours of online research about Gimp-print only confused me further with what seemed to be gobbledygook. Many sheets of wasted paper later, I remembered a snippet of information from a mailing list. It was written before the C50 driver was available and suggested that the driver for an earlier Epson model, the C44UX might work. I went to Ubuntu’s printer setup utility and told it to use that driver and – voila!–I was finally able to print. Frustration faded away and a sense of satisfaction set in. I had survived the weekend without Windows.

From Digital Life by Chin Wong

http://www.chinwong.com

Chin Wong has been covering the technology industry since the 1980s, starting as a reporter for Business Day, Southeast Asia’s first daily business newspaper. He is now a lecturer in journalism at the Ateneo de Manila University in the Philippines and associate editor for the Manila Standard Today. Before that, he also served as technology editor of the Manila Times until October 2004.

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RSS Submit Software

Red5 Media Server and Security

Here are the steps to configure SSL in existing Red5 application. This article is keeping in the mind you have basic knowledge of Red5 or you are aware of how Red5 applications are built.

Software required on machine where Red5 server is installed:-

1: Open SSL //Open source SSL libraries required for compiling Stunnel

2: Stunnel //Open source SSL wrapper software uses open SSL works both on

Windows and Linux.

3: gcc // The GNU C compiler (although it always bundled with Linux

Machine, but I did not find it. Necessary if you are compiling the

Open SSL and Stunnel from source. Not required if using RPM

Configuration needed on server machine:-

1:- Install the Open SSL (if windows use exe RPM or source for Linux machine can be downloaded from openssl website).

2:- Install Stunnel (if windows, use exe otherwise RPM or compilation from source is preferred, can be downloaded from stunnel website). Make sure that you already have compiled Open SSL in your machine before proceeding with the installation of Stunnel; otherwise it will fail to compile.

Under Linux the standard command to compile Stunnel from source are described below. For any update please always follow the installation instructions given their website.

machine# gzip -dc stunnel-VERSION.tar.gz tar -xvzf -

machine# cd stunnel-VERSION

machine# ./configure

machine# make

machine# make install

There are several configurations that differ based on your computer and environment. That can be read from the website itself.

3:- Running Stunnel (There are several ways/mode you can run the stunnel. Follow the FAQ available in their website to choose the best which matches your requirements).

To run stunnel, you always require a configuration file. The process of making sample configuration file (stunnel.conf) is described below.

The sample configuration file used was like this:

sample.conf

; Sample stunnel configuration file by Sunil Gupta 2007

; Some options used here may not be adequate for your particular configuration

; Certificate/key is needed in server mode and optional in client mode

; The default certificate is provided only for testing and should not

; be used in a production environment

cert = /etc/stunnel/stunnel.pem

;chroot = /var/run/stunnel/

pid = /stunnel.pid

key = /etc/stunnel/stunnel.pem

; Some performance tunings

socket = l:TCP_NODELAY=1

socket = r:TCP_NODELAY=1

; Workaround for Eudora bug

;options = DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS

; Authentication stuff

;verify = 2

; Don’t forget to c_rehash CApath

;CApath = certs

; It’s often easier to use CAfile

;CAfile = certs.pem

; Don’t forget to c_rehash CRLpath

;CRLpath = crls

; Alternatively you can use CRLfile

;CRLfile = crls.pem

; Some debugging stuff useful for troubleshooting

debug = 7

Output = /var/log/stunnel.log

foreground=yes

; Use it for client mode

; client = yes

; Service-level configuration

;[pop3s]

;accept = 995

;connect = 110

;[imaps]

;accept = 993

;connect = 143

;[ssmtp]

;accept = 465

;connect = 25

[rtmps - https]

TIMEOUTconnect=20

accept = 443

connect = 80

TIMEOUTclose = 20

; vim:ft=dosin

Finish

Note: – When you install Stunnel, you get a default sample file, which is not enough in most of the cases to run the flash application. The additions to configuration file I made are as follows.

Also the line having ; in the start denotes the commented portion in file.

cert = /etc/stunnel/stunnel.pem

key = /etc/stunnel/stunnel.pem

pem stands for ‘privacy enhanced mail’ used as a key format. The above two lines tells the location of pem files need to be generated. This will be configured by user. The above is the best location for Stunnel although you can change it to any desired location.

;Some performance tunings

socket = l:TCP_NODELAY=1

socket = r:TCP_NODELAY=1

The above two lines are for better performance of Stunnel in our case.

; Workaround for Eudora bug

;options = DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS

The above line is a bug in a specific platform, since we are running it in Linux; we commented this line, although it could be needed in some case.

; Some debugging stuff useful for troubleshooting

debug = 7

Output = /var/log/stunnel.log

foreground=yes

The above lines are very important, Because Stunnel by default run in background mode. You will never be able to see if it is running. So better to put it in foreground, so that you can make sure that stunnel is running properly. Also the debug = 7 is very important since by default stunnel does not generate any log. You can direct him to generate log, so that you can debug your application by seeing all those log messages. The above mentioned log directory is default Linux directory where all system logs are generated.

; Use it for client mode

; client = yes

In the sample configuration file, you will always find this option un-commented leading to a different architecture, since we are running Stunnel in server mode not client mode, so we will comment this line.

[rtmps - https]

TIMEOUTconnect=20

accept = 443

connect = 80

TIMEOUTclose = 20

And the very last lines are mentioned above. In the sample configuration file, you will never find rtmps and it is not even mentioned anywhere in Stunnel. The default file contains only https, add rtmps like it is added here. Also accept port is 443, which is the default port used for secure communication and it is open like port 80 in all corporate firewalls in general. This port is to accept the connection from flash and to get the encrypted data. The connect port is 80; this is the port where stunnel will forward the decrypted data to red5 server.

The TIMEOUTconnect and TIMEOUTclose can be useful in some cases when the server where the data is being forwarded by Stunnel is delaying the connection. This is to make sure that connection is closed only when server is not responding at all. The value is in seconds (i.e. 20 sec.)

Now in order to run your application under secure connection, you require a certificate to be created on the machine where the Stunnel is installed. The procedure for creating a certificate and the possible directory to put this certificate is described below.

Use of certificate:-

When an SSL client connects to an SSL server, the server presents a certificate, essentially an electronic piece of proof that machine is who it claims to be. This certificate is signed by a ‘Certificate Authority’ (hereafter a CA) — usually a trusted third party like Verisign. A client will accept this certificate only if

The certificate presented matches the private key being used by the remote end.

The certificate has been signed correctly by the CA. The client recognizes the CA as trusted.

Every stunnel server has a private key. This is contained in the pem file which stunnel uses to initialize its identity. If we notice above, we have given the reference of this pem file in the start of our configuration file under cert.

This private key is put in /usr/local/ssl/certs/stunnel.pem.

Note:-Under client mode we need not to have certificate in most of the cases, but if we are running it in server mode, we require a certificate. Since we are using server mode, I have generated a self certificate.

To make certificate:-

1: Go to /etc/stunnel directory and

2: Run the following command:-’

openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -config stunnel.cnf -out stunnel.pem -keyout stunnel.pem

This creates a private key and self-signed certificate. More information on the options of this can be read from FAQ section of Stunnel website.

While executing the command, it will ask for some questions like Country, City, Company etc., Give the answer of those and it will generate the key and self certificate.

4:- Put your sample.conf file in /etc/stunnel directory where the .pem file was created earlier.

5:- Start Stunnel by issuing the command -

machine# stunnel stunnel.conf

If you are /etc/stunnel directory otherwise complete path of configuration file-

machine# stunnel /etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf

The above command will start the stunnel and you can verify the log from /var/logs/stunnel.log file.

Red5 server side changes:-

6:- Now stunnel is up and running, we need to change the Red5 configuration to accept the connection from Stunnel.

Go to red5 installation directory and search for conf folder where all red5 configuration files exist.

Open red5.properties file and under rtmps.host_port property put 443. The sample file can be like below.

rtmp.host_port = 0.0.0.0:1935

rtmp.threadcount = 4

debug_proxy.host_port = 0.0.0.0:1936

proxy_forward.host_port = 127.0.0.1:1935

rtmps.host_port = 127.0.0.1:443

http.host=0.0.0.0

http.port=5080

rtmpt.host=0.0.0.0

rtmpt.port=80

Flash client side changes:-

7:-Now we are done with server side, In order to run application under SSL, we need to change the client side protocol from rtmp to rtmps like below. And compile the flash client and run it on browser, a certificate will pop up, accept it and the application will run under SSL.

nc.connect (“rtmps://yourip/applicationname”); //used rtmps in place of rtmp

To get all Red5 media server related stuffs, visit the website below-

More here: Red5 Media Server and Security

FFMPEG Hosting – Want to Start a Video Sharing Website?

FFMPEG is nothing but the collection of Video and Audio related software or programs, which are used to record, convert and stream them. If we wish to start this kind of website, then it is necessary ensuring whether the plan provides FFMPEG Web Hosting. Only with this feature, we can able to run the video sharing websites more effectively. With this FFMPEG feature, we can able to run audios and videos in many formats. These are the programs written in C Language. It has the ability to work in Multi-platforms. It uses the Cross-platform OS.

The Need of FFMPEG

In General, Websites will differ depends upon the content. Some websites are uniquely for images, some for articles, some for general information, and some other for reviews. If you are an Internet browser then you know about the Video Sharing Websites, which fully consists of Videos like YouTube and Google Video. If you wish to start a video sharing website, then it is impossible providing quality and fast service to the people by hosting in the normal featured servers while sharing and adding videos. We know that a video will need more bandwidth and software to run it on the server. For that purpose, FFMPEG feature is needed.

Applications

To convert one video file format to another
To host some video related programs and software
To perform appropriate Encoding and decoding process on Audio/Video files
To run the Video Sharing Website efficiently

For these reasons, we must ensure whether the company offer FFMPEG web hosting for to start Video Sharing Website. Of course, finding this particular feature in the web hosting plans from different web hosting companies is really a tough one. Even we find the one who provides this service, we cannot be sure that the server work fast and efficiently.

More useful for the people who want to create a website like YouTube. Really it is very difficult to find the Web Hosting Companies provide this kind of feature along with hosting coupon to get discount and save money.

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Original post: FFMPEG Hosting – Want to Start a Video Sharing Website?

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